I began to research what environmental sounds there were in Haiti. I had shakers. But there were no rattle snakes on the Island of Espaniola, so the shakers became "Insects buzzing in the the grass". I then learned that there are many chickens in Haiti. So I added a simple friction drum called a Cuica or Guica. It’s other name is "Chicken in a Cup". Now the audience had two sounds. Another sound heard in the Caribbean is that of goat and cowbells. So the audience members were soon playing those instruments as well. What time of year did the story take place? The rainy season. Soon homemade rain sticks joined the orchestra. Then an Ocean drum provided the gentle sounds of the "turquoise blue Caribbean sea". I couldn’t afford to buy a lot of the instruments so I began to make them. That led to teaching other people how to make them as well.

But wait there’s more! The Caribbean is home to many kinds of birds. They add their songs to the year round avian inhabitants. Soon the audience members were making bird calls. (Since there are not always enough instruments to go around in a large group it is important to give every one in the audience something to do.) And that is just the natural sounds of the countryside. Later on in the story we have the sounds of Elephants stampeding, and magic happening.

I found ways of introducing to audiences the fact that the country of Haiti is bi-lingual. I had the main character ask a question in French (do you know where I can find the drum of the Elephant King?) to be answered by the villagers (the audience) in Creole, Haiti’s unique language combining French and African language roots.

Then, one Sunday morning as I read through the New York Times magazine section I found an article full of beautiful colored pictures all about the coffin makers of Ghana in Western Africa. In that country to this day it is very important what kind of a coffin one is buried in. A fisherman will have a huge fish carved, a car dealer his favorite model auto, etc. In my research I had learned that many if not most of the slaves brought to Espaniola by the French Colonists were from Western Africa. So suddenly here was a deep-rooted cultural connection preserved in the form of a story.

Now I was studying West African drumming twice a week in earnest to learn more about the roots of the transplanted culture that spawned this story...

And then I sought out information on the history Haiti. Did you know it is the 2nd oldest republic in the New World? Did you know that it is the result of the only successful slave rebellion in the history of the world?

The journey continued: In my reading I saw a picture taken from the air along the border with the Dominican Republic. On one side was Haiti - totally deforested. On the other side were the thick trees of the Dominican Republic. Trees that once covered the entire Island. So now I was being exposed to the environmental aspects of this country...

I couldn’t stop! I looked at old maps and found "the Pine Forest" "The Saltwater Lake" and the "Giant River" that are created by magic in the story. The story was a geography lesson!